Evaluation of gastric residual volume using ultrasound in fasting diabetic patients and non diabetic patients scheduled for elective surgeries; A Comparative study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Gastric residual volume is vital for assessing gastric emptying and gastrointestinal function. Traditional method of measuring gastric residual volume (GRV) like aspiration through nasogastric (NG) tube are invasive and uncomfortable. Ultrasonography (USG) emerged as non invasive , reliable alternative , hence the present study is used for evaluation of gastric volume among the diabetic and non-diabetic population to minimize the intraoperative and post operative complications like pulmonary aspiration. This study considered factors such as diabetes duration, blood sugar levels, HbA1c, and fasting duration in evaluation of gastric residual volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a comparative study , conducted on 104 patients undergoing for elective surgeries at BLDE Hospital and research center, Vijayapura during the academic year 2022-2024,we divided in tot 2 groups after taking informed consent and fulfilling the inclusion criteria, group D is having 52 patients who were having history of diabetes mellitus and group ND who were non diabetic patients ,patients was then explained about the procedure and were scanned in supine position and then scanned in right lateral decubitus position ,then the ultrasonography images of both were measured with following diameters, craniocaudal(CC), anteroposterior(AP), cross sectional area (CSA) andRESULTS : The mean age of the participants was found to be 40.62 + 9.16yrs with 72.11% were male patients and 27.88% were female patient. Among the patients there is significant higher mean level of CC diameter, AP diameter and CSA in supine position in cases compared to controls. (p<0.05) Similarly, there is significant higher mean level of CC diameter, AP diameter and CSA in RLD position in cases compared to controls. (p<0.05) The gastric volume was significantly higher in Diabetics (39.07+ 8.39)compared to the Normal individuals(9.28+ 4.11) in the study. (p<0.05) CONCLUSION : Diabetic patients have significantly higher fasting gastric volumes as measured using point of care ultrasonography, in comparison to non diabetic patients.