Optimization of Topical Glucocorticoid Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Formulation, Potency, and Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Dermatological disorders contribute significantly to global morbidity and often require prolonged management. Topical glucocorticoids are widely used as first-line therapy, with treatment outcomes influenced by both formulation and pharmacological potency. Objective: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of topical glucocorticoids with respect to formulation, potency, and associated clinical outcomes in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 303 prescriptions containing corticosteroids were analyzed. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, and the Chi-square test was applied to assess the association between diagnosis and potency selection. Results: Creams and ointments were the most frequently prescribed formulations. Very high potency corticosteroids accounted for 48.2% of prescriptions, followed by high potency agents (36.3%). Good to excellent clinical improvement was observed in 79.2% of patients. Adverse effects were not reported in 51.8% of cases, while skin atrophy was the most common adverse event. A statistically significant association was found between dermatological diagnosis and potency selection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Topical glucocorticoids demonstrate high therapeutic effectiveness; however, rational selection of potency and formulation is essential to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse effects.