Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients

Abstract

INTRODUCTION • Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which is a clinical problem that predicts a poor result on its own. • AKI is one among the leading causes of ICU admissions and common contributor to in hospital morbidity and mortality rates. • AKI is linked to prolonged hospital stays, which raises the cost of treatment. • AKI may be treatable with early detection and treatment, but a higher rate of morbidity and mortality may result from a delayed diagnosis. AIM • Analysis of the clinical spectrum of AKI patients in ICU. • Study the cause and risk factors of AKI. • Analysis of final outcome of patients with AKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at B.L.D. E (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura. All patients above 18 years of age, admitted in ICU diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury using KDIGO criteria or developed Acute Kidney Injury after admission to ICU were taken for study. Chronic Kidney Disease patients were not included in the study. All patients were classified according to KDIGO criteria and the outcome was analyzed. RESULTS • In our study most of the cases were over the 50 years of age. • In our study sepsis was the most common etiology, second most common being Acute Gastroenteritis. Other Etiologies include hepatorenal syndrome, cardiorenal syndrome, CVA, snake bite, post operative cases and poisoning and others. • 64.10% patients were managed conservatively, 35.90 % required hemodialysis. • Out of 78 patients, 50 patients survived. Mortality was seen in 28 patients. CONCLUSION The most frequent cause of AKI in ICU patients is sepsis. It also has a high death rate. In each case of sepsis, preventing the development of multi-organ failure is crucial. Dialysis was used to treat our patients cautiously and when necessary. Common causes of increased mortality include multi-organ dysfunction, lung and other infections, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and the frequent occurrence of comorbidities. Although there was a correlation between AKI and hospital outcomes, the prognosis of AKI severity is more affected by organ failure.