Assessing correlation between gallstone formation,iron deficiency and anemia in patients with gallstone disease

Abstract

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent hepato-biliary condition with multifactorial etiology. Iron deficiency and anemia have been hypothesized to contribute to gallstone formation through alterations in bile composition and gallbladder motility. This study investigates the correlation between iron deficiency, anemia, and the risk of developing gallstone disease.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at B.L.D.E. (Deemed to be University), Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Vijayapura. A total of 122 patients diagnosed with gallstone disease via radiological evidence were included. Patients' hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin levels were assessed and correlated with gallstone prevalence. Data were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests.

Results: The study found a significant correlation between gallstone disease and low serum iron and hemoglobin levels. Among gallstone patients, 72.1% had anemia, and 52.5% had low serum iron levels. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant association between iron deficiency and gallstone formation (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that iron deficiency and anaemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Screening for iron deficiency in at-risk populations could aid in early prevention and management strategies, potentially reducing gallstone-related complications.