Evaluation of mirna – 210 as prognostic biomarker Of pre-eclampsia - a case – control study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a significant disorder impacting 2%-8% of pregnancies globally. Nevertheless, the key molecular etiology of this disease has predominantly remained unclear. Recently published studies have suggested the potential significance of miRNAs, particularly miRNA-210, in the etiology of PE. This study aims to evaluate the role of miRNA-210 as a novel biomarker for predicting pre-eclampsia (PE).

OBJECTIVE: This study objective is to assess the level of miRNA 210 in pre- eclampsia (PE) and to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a case - control study, conducted from April 2023 - February 2025, carried out in pre- eclamptic women and normotensive women, who got admitted to the Department of OBSTERTICS & GYNAECOLOGY in B.L.D.E. (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura. Women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking written and informed consent. The study included 102 pregnant women, categorized into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 51 women with pre-eclampsia as cases, while Group 2 consisted of 51 normotensive pregnant women matched age with ± 5 years, gestational period with ± 1 week, and Obstetric score, were included as the control group. All women participating in this study had comprehensive history taking, a full clinical examination, and laboratory tests, which included complete blood count (CBC), Coagulation Profile, Renal Function Test (RFT), Liver Function Test (LFT), proteinuria, and miRNA-210 gene expression analysis through RT-PCR. A sample of peripheral venous blood was taken on admission and submitted for genetic analysis. After the genetic analysis, the study's parameters were compared. Maternal and neonatal outcome were also observed. RESULTS: Patients with PE showed a highly significantly increase in serum miRNA-210 (p value < 0.001) compared to control group. miRNA- 210 has highly significant positive correlation with Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, MABP, serum Protein, serum Albumin, serum Uric acid, serum ALP. However, no significant correlation was found with Hb%, platelet count, INR and serum creatinine. At a cutoff value of 9.63 ‐fold change, the serum miRNA-210 levels shows 100% sensitivity along with 96.1% specificity at while PPV and NPV values were 96.2% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The expression of miRNA-210 is elevated in women with pre- eclampsia, with higher levels seen in the pre-eclamptic women compared to the normotensive pregnant women. Thus, serum miRNA-210 may serve as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker in patients with pre-eclampsia, as well as assist in the understanding its etiology.