Pharmacological Screening of Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Antidiabetic Activities of Novel Synthetic Flavonoid in High Fat Fed Followed by Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rat Model

Abstract

Objective: The goal of the current study was to assess the novel synthetic flavonoid's anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-oxidant capabilities in in-vitro and invitro models. Methods: A new novel flavonoid compound, NF(3-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2- yl)-4H-chromen-4-one), was created by condensing hydroxyacetophenone with thiophene carbaxaldehyde reagents and then cycling with hydrogen peroxide. The NF compound and other test flavonoids, including VMF41, VMF43, VMF45, and VMF46, whose synthesis and spectral characterization study have already been completed, were evaluated for invitro radical scavenging activity on hydroxyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide free radicals using invitro spectroscopic methods. Synthetic new flavonoid (NF) was chosen for its anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidant action in low dosage streptozotocin (STZ 35mg/kg body weight) caused diabetic rats fed on a high fat diet (HFD) during an 8-week period based on its highest antiradical activity. Rats were divided into two main groups for the experimental study: normal control rats given the normal pallet diet (NPD) and diabetic rats given the HFD daily once orally in addition to the normal pallet diet (NPD). The diabetic rats were divided into five new subgroups and treated as follows: DC- diabetic control received Tween 20 alone orally (5 ml/kg); DC + Met- received metformin orally (100 mg/kg); and three test groups, D+NF50, D+NF100, and D+Nf200, were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of synthetic novel flavonoid (NF) respectively for 21 days. On the first day of therapy, after STZ, and on the last day of treatment, the FBG and serum lipids from the various treatment groups were assessed. Before and after treatment, serum insulin levels were assessed. By measuring the levels of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide (MDA), the effects of antioxidants were evaluated in the liverhomogenate of experimental rats. Alfa amylase and alfa glucosidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory assays were used to assess the test compound's in vitro antidiabetic activity, and the C2C12 cell line study was used to determine the compound's glucose absorption activity. Results: The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method was used to statistically analyse the findings of this study. The study shows that the treatment group receiving the synthetic new flavonoid (NF) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight had significantly higher levels of insulin and lower levels of FBG and serum lipids. With results comparable to those of metformin treatment, animals given the NF compound demonstrated a significant reduction in HOMA IR values and reversed reduced HOMA B values brought on by STZ with HFD. The rats treated with new flavonoid (NF) at 100 mg/kg showed improved differentiation and structural alterations in the liver, according to the histological investigation. In diabetic rats treated with new flavonoid, there was a discernible reduction in the levels of lipid peroxides and an increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase. The NF compound had shown negligible action in alfa amylase and DPP-IV inhibitory assays, but considerable antidiabetic activity for alfa glucosidase and glucose absorption in C2C12 cell line investigation.Conclusion: According to the study's findings, the synthesised new flavonoid (NF) significantly exhibited antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects in the aforementioned research models