Abstract:
Background: “Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetic
patients are at a higher risk of developing CAD, often presenting asymptomatically. Despite
the global burden of CAD, limited studies exist on its prevalence among asymptomatic
T2DM patients in the Indian population. This study aims to determine the proportion of
asymptomatic CAD in patients with T2DM and identify associated risk factors.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at BLDE (DU) Shri B.M
Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre between May 2023 and December
2024. 105 T2DM patients (aged 40-60 years, with diabetes for over five years) were
included. Data collection involved detailed history, clinical examination, BMI assessment,
and investigations such as electrocardiography (ECG), 2D echocardiography, lipid profile,
treadmill test (TMT), and coronary angiography. Statistical analysis included descriptive
and inferential statistics, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant.”
Results: CAD was detected in 53.3% of patients. The mean patient age was 52.46 ± 5.63
years, with a slight male predominance (60%). Smoking was significantly higher among
CAD-positive patients (82.1%) compared to CAD-negative patients (55.2%) (p<0.05).
CAD-positive individuals had significantly higher mean BMI, HbA1c, total cholesterol,
triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, along with lower HDL levels, indicating dyslipidemia
as a critical risk factor. Triple-vessel disease (TVD) was the most common pattern, affecting
22.9% of cases.
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Conclusion: The study highlights the substantial burden of asymptomatic CAD among
T2DM patients, emphasising the need for early screening and intervention. Strict glycemic
control, lifestyle modifications, and aggressive management of dyslipidemia and smoking
cessation should be prioritised to mitigate cardiovascular risks. Future research should focus
on cost-effective screening tools to enhance early detection and improve patient outcomes.
